Illicit Distribution of HGH
The illicit distribution of hGH occurs as the result of physicians illegally prescribing it for off-label uses, and for the treatment of FDA-approved medical conditions without examination and supervision. Illicit distribution also involves diverted hGH obtained through theft, smuggled hGH illegally imported from other countries, distribution of injectable synthetic and counterfeit hGH.
The illicit hGH formulations is thought to be primarily through internet pharmacies, wellness and anti-aging clinics, and websites. Internet pharmacies are often partnered with a physician willing to write prescriptions for a fee and no physical examination. Individuals may also obtain hGH without a prescription through the black market. hGH is often marketed with other performance enhancing drugs - for example, anabolic steroids.
Various oral preparations (for example, sprays and pills) purported to contain hGH are marketed and distributed. However, hGH is only bioavailable in the injectable form. The hGH molecule is too large for absorption across the lining of the oral mucosa and the hormone is digested by the stomach before absorption can occur.
Control Status of hGH:
hGH is not controlled under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). However, as part of the 1990 Anabolic Steroids Control Act, the distribution and possession, with the intent to distribute, of hGH "for any use...other than the treatment of a disease or other recognized medical condition, where such use has been authorized by the Secretary of Health and Human Services...and pursuant to the order of a physician..." was criminalized as a 5-year felony under the penalties chapter of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act of the FDA. In March 2007, a bill was introduced into the U.S. Senate to amend the CSA and to add hGH to schedule III.
hGH is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the International Olympic Committee as a performance enhancing drug barring athletes from using it.
Human Growth Hormone (hGH
Trade Names: Genotropin ®, Humatrope ®, Norditropin ®, Nutropin ®, Saizen ®, Serostim ®
References:
U.S. Department of Justice
Drug Enforcement Administration
Office of Diversion Control
August 2007
www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/hgh.htm
|